Nigeria Tax Act 2025: How the New 4% Development Levy Impacts Manufacturers
Nigeria’s manufacturing sector has long been challenged by a complex and fragmented tax landscape, where navigating numerous, overlapping levies often diverted critical resources from core business activities and innovation. To address these systemic inefficiencies and foster a more transparent business environment, the Nigerian Tax Reform Acts of 2025 were signed into law on June 26, 2025. This comprehensive overhaul, with most key provisions, including the new levy, taking effect from January 1, 2026, introduces a strategic simplification to corporate taxation. A major element is the 4% Consolidated Development Levy, designed to streamline compliance for manufacturers. What is the Consolidated Development Levy? The Consolidated Development Levy is a new fiscal measure mandated by the Nigeria Tax Act (NTA) 2025, which imposes a flat rate of 4% on the assessable profits of qualifying companies under the Section 59 of the NTA. “Assessable profits” refer to the taxable profits of a company before certain deductions like capital allowances and trading losses are made. The core intent of this levy is not to introduce an additional tax burden but to simplify and unify several pre-existing, often confusing, sector-specific taxes into a single, predictable charge. This unified approach is expected to significantly reduce administrative overhead and enhance the predictability of tax obligations for manufacturers across the country. What taxes does the new levy replace? The 4% Consolidated Development Levy effectively sweeps away and replaces four distinct federal levies that previously applied to various companies, including manufacturers. This consolidation eliminates the complexity of calculating and remitting multiple taxes to different agencies. The replaced levies include: Tertiary Education Tax (TET): Previously a 3% charge on assessable profits. This tax funded universities and polytechnics across Nigeria. It was the largest of the four sectoral taxes National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) Levy: Formerly charged at 1% of the profits before tax. The National Information Technology Development Agency Levy supported Nigeria’s digital transformation and IT infrastructure development. National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) Levy: A much smaller levy, previously at 0.25%. It funded the National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure, supporting research and innovation. Police Trust Fund (PTF) Levy: Previously applied at a rate of 0.005%. It was the smallest levy, which helped fund police infrastructure and welfare programs. Total under old system: 4.255% of assessable profits Total under new system: 4% Development Levy Instead of managing these four separate compliance requirements, manufacturers now have a single, clear obligation, simplifying their operational processes and aligning tax filings with their Companies Income Tax (CIT) timelines. How manufacturers benefit from this consolidation The introduction of the Consolidated Development Levy provides several strategic advantages for Nigeria’s manufacturing sector: Streamlined and Simplified Compliance: The primary benefit is a significant reduction in the administrative burden associated with tax compliance. By replacing four separate tax calculations and filing processes with one, finance and accounting teams can focus on strategic financial planning rather than manual, fragmented reporting. Increased Financial Predictability: The uniform 4% rate on assessable profits provides greater certainty in financial forecasting, which is crucial for manufacturers making long-term capital investments in machinery and infrastructure. Exemption for Small Businesses: The legislation offers substantial relief for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Small companies are defined as those with an annual turnover not exceeding NGN100 million and total fixed assets below NGN250 million. These entities are explicitly exempt from the new Development Levy, along with Corporate Income Tax (CIT) and Capital Gains Tax (CGT). This exemption encourages formalization and growth without immediate tax pressure. Targeted Funding for National Priorities: The revenue generated from this consolidated levy is earmarked to fund critical national institutions and initiatives, including education, student loans, technology development, and security. The Bottom Line The Development Levy represents Nigeria’s effort to simplify its tax system. For manufacturers who were already paying all four previous levies, this change brings slight savings and significant administrative relief. The real benefit is simplification: one levy, one form, one deadline, filed with your CIT return. However, the overall tax reform package includes trade-offs. While you’re saving on the Development Levy and compliance costs, you’re facing higher Capital Gains Tax and adjusted capital allowances. The key is to understand exactly how these changes affect your specific business situation and plan accordingly.
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